Most people infected with CMV have no symptoms or mild symptoms. In healthy kids, a CMV infection is rarely serious. Any symptoms it does cause usually are mild and temporary. But cytomegalovirus site-uh-meg-uh-low-VY-rus can cause problems for an unborn child whose mother has the virus and for people with weakened immune systems. The symptoms of a congenital CMV infection vary. Most babies infected before birth usually show no symptoms after delivery. Those who do may have :.
Even babies without clear symptoms are at risk for congenital hearing loss. CMV is the most common cause of non-genetic hearing loss at birth. CMV infections that happen in kids after the newborn period usually don't cause serious illness. But some kids may develop pneumonia , hepatitis inflammation of the liver , or a rash. Older kids and teens who are infected may have mono-like symptoms, including tiredness, muscle aches, headache , fever , and an enlarged liver and spleen.
These symptoms tend to be mild and usually last only 2 to 3 weeks. CMV can cause serious infections in people who have had organ transplants or those with weakened immune systems. If a woman gets CMV when she is pregnant, she can pass it on to her baby. Usually the babies do not have health problems. But some babies can develop lifelong disabilities. A blood test can tell whether a person has ever been infected with CMV.
Most people with CMV don't need treatment. If you have a weakened immune system, your doctor may prescribe antiviral medicine. Good hygiene, including proper hand washing, may help prevent infections.
Section Navigation. Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Syndicate. About Cytomegalovirus CMV. Minus Related Pages. Signs and Symptoms. In some cases, infection in healthy people can cause mild illness that may include: Fever Sore throat Fatigue Swollen glands Occasionally, CMV can cause mononucleosis or hepatitis liver problem.
CMV is spread from an infected person in the following ways: From direct contact with saliva or urine, especially from babies and young children Through sexual contact From breast milk to nursing infants Through transplanted organs and blood transfusions.
The severity ranges from slight to total hearing loss. In half of these children, the virus will affect just one ear, but the rest will have hearing loss in both ears. Hearing loss in both ears can lead to a higher risk of speech and communication problems later on.
This may lead to challenges later in life. People with acquired CMV who contract the virus for the first time can use over-the-counter OTC pain relief medicines, such as Tylenol acetaminophen , ibuprofen, or aspirin, to relieve symptoms and should drink plenty of fluids. These medications may have adverse effects. If there is extensive organ damage, hospitalization may be necessary. The CDC urges parents and caregivers of children with CMV to seek treatment as early as possible, whether it is taking medication or attending all appointments for services, such as hearing checks.
CMV is generally not a problem, except when it affects an unborn child or a person with a weak immune system, such as a recent transplant recipient or a person with HIV. Improvement in antiviral medication has reduced the risk in recent years.
People who have received organ and bone marrow transplants have to take immunosuppressants to lower their immune systems so that their bodies do not reject the new organs. Dormant CMV can become active in these people and lead to organ damage. According to the CDC, around 1 in babies are born with the virus. The symptoms may be severe, and they include vision and hearing loss, small head size, weakness, difficulty using muscles, coordination problems, and seizures.
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