It is an intellectual process. More specifically it is a cognitive and psychological process. Perception is subjective and different people detect, process, organize, and interpret external information or stimuli differently. Interestingly, individuals may pay selective attention to different aspects or details of a given stimulus while ignoring others.
Individual perception is a function of the external environment and our internal influences. In this case, the halo effect occurred. Awareness of our own perceptions and what drives those perceptions is a key component to being successful at work. If we know why we believe something to be good, right, fair, negative, or unfair based on our perceptions, we can begin to let go of some of our misperceptions.
As a result, developing good relationships at work, respect, and mutual understanding can create a better workplace. Do you see an old woman or a young woman in this picture? Previous Section. Table of Contents. Next Section. The Monkey Business Illusion click to see video Researcher and professor Dan Simons provides a short video that looks at our own perceptions. What Influences Our Perception? Our personality affects the way we interact with others. Our personality comes from both environmental factors and some factors we are just born with nature.
Values are the things we find important to us. Attitudes can be favorable or unfavorable feelings toward people, things, or situations. Our attitudes have a great impact on each other. If one person has a bad attitude, it is likely to be contagious.
We can do many things to change our attitude, but all include making a conscious effort to be aware of our negative thoughts and feelings. Perception refers to how we interpret stimuli such as people, things, or events.
Our perception is important to recognize because it is the driving force behind our reaction to things. Heredity, needs, peer group, interests, and expectations all influence our perception. A halo effect or reverse halo effect can also influence our perception. Exercises In groups, discuss a situation where you have experienced the halo or reverse halo effect. What was the outcome of the situation?
Think of at least five perceptions you had today. If people feel that their ability to express themselves is restricted, they react negatively, often by becoming defiant. People resist those who seek to curtail self-presentation expressiveness by adopting many different impression management strategies.
One of them is ingratiation, the use of flattery or praise to highlight positive characteristics and increase social attractiveness. Another strategy is intimidation, which is aggressively showing anger to get others to hear and obey. There are a range of factors governing impression management.
Impression management occurs in all social situations because people are always aware of being observed by others. The unique characteristics of a given social situation are important: cultural norms determine the appropriateness of particular verbal and nonverbal behaviors in different situations.
These behaviors and actions have to be appropriate to the culture and the audience in order to positively influence impression management. Depending on how they want to influence their audience regarding a certain topic, presenting themselves in different ways can shape different impressions and reactions in their audience. Privacy Policy. Skip to main content. Organizational Behavior.
Search for:. Individual Perceptions and Behavior. The Perceptual Process Perception is the organization, identification, and interpretation of sensory information to represent and understand the environment.
Learning Objectives Outline the internal and external factors that influence the perceptual selection process. Key Takeaways Key Points The perceptual process consists of six steps: the presence of objects, observation, selection, organization, interpretation, and response.
Perceptual selection is driven by internal personality, motivation and external contrast, repetition factors. Perceptual organization includes factors that influence how a person connects perceptions into wholes or patterns. These include proximity, similarity, and constancy, among others. Key Terms factor : An integral part. Perception : That which is detected by the five senses; that which is detected within consciousness as a thought, intuition, or deduction.
Cognitive Biases Perceptual distortions, such as cognitive bias, can result in poor judgement and irrational courses of action. Learning Objectives Analyze the complex cognitive patterns that can complicate employee perception and behavior.
Key Takeaways Key Points Cognitive biases are instances of evolved mental behavior that can cause deviations in judgement that produce negative consequences for an organization. Understanding how perception can be distorted is particularly relevant for managers because they make many decisions, and deal with many people making assessments and judgments, on a daily basis.
Bias arises from various processes that are sometimes difficult to distinguish. A few examples of perceptual distortions include confirmation bias, self-serving bias, causality, framing, and belief bias. Key Terms cognitive : The area of mental function that deals with logic, as opposed to affective functions which deal with emotion.
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